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1922 The magazine Putevi
(Roads) is published
in Belgrade, and its editors and contributors are: Milan Dedinac,
Dusan Timotijevic, Marko Ristic, Milos Crnjanski, Rastko Petrovic,
Stanislav Vinaver, Dusan Matic, Todor Manojlovic, Bosko Tokin,
Aleksandar Vuco and others. Rastko Petrovic publishes the book
Otkrovenje (The Revelation).
Dragan Aleksic publishes in Zagreb the Dada reviews Dada tank
and Dada jazz, and Branko Ve Poljanski Dadajok. Rade Drainac starts
the magazine Hipnos (Hypnos) its
collaborators, among others, being Monny de Boully and Rastko
Petrovic.
1923 The performance Hiljadu
druga noc (The Thousand and Second Night)
is held in the Belgrade Kasina. The posters were designed
by Dusan Jankovic, and the lyrics and music for the futurist ballet
Sluziteljeva metla
(The Janitor’s Broom) were written by Marko Ristic
and Miloje Milojevic, and the choreographer was Klavdije Isacenko.
Ljubomir Micic publishes the manifesto Zenithism as the Balkan
Totalizer of New Life in his magazine Zenit
(Zenith) and organizes the first zenithist soirées
in Belgrade and Zagreb. Slobodan Micic Palezanski is the editor
of the Sabac avant-garde magazine Venturaementes
(The Coming Spirits), two issues of which came out.
1924 The magazine Svedocanstva
(Testimonies) was published
in Belgrade until 1925, and its editors and contributors were:
Milan Dedinac, Mladen Dimitrijevic, Dusan Matic, Rastko Petrovic,
Marko Ristic, Aleksandar Vuco and others. The illustrations are:
a drawing by Pablo Picasso, drawings by mentally ill people and
photographs of tattooages. Monny de Boully publishes the almanac
Crno na belo (In Black
and White), Branko Kovacevic
Almanah Branka Radicevica (The Almanac of Branko Radicevic)
with photographs, and Dusan Jerkovic and Desimir Blagojevic the
magazine Umetnost
(Art). The First Zenith International Exhibition
of New Art is staged in Belgrade.
1925 Marko Ristic publishes
Od srece i od sna
(Out of Happiness and Out of Dreams), a volume of
poetry, and Monny de Boully Textes surréalistes in the Parisian
magazine La Révolution surréaliste (No. 5). Monny de Boully and
Dusan Matic are among the signatories of the Surrealist declaration
La révolution d’abord et toujours published in the Parisian paper
Clarté. New magazines are started: Okno
(The Pane), editor Djordje Jovanovic,
Bela revija (The White Review),
editors Risto Ratkovic and B. Jovanovic, Film
(Film), editors Maksim Goranovic and Bosko Tokin,
the almanac Casa vode
(A Glass of Water), editor Risto Ratkovic. Ljubomir
Micic publishes the long poem Aeroplan
bez motora (Aeroplane Without an Engine).
1926 The magazine Vecnost
(Eternity) brings together Risto Ratkovic, Monny
de Boully, Dragan Aleksic, Dusan Jerkovic, Desimir Blagojevic
and other young poets. Nikola Vuco in Paris, and Vane Zivadinovic
Bor in Vrnjacka Banja shoot the first series of Surrealist photographs.
Marko Ristic meets Breton and the French Surrealists during his
stay in Paris and starts to work on the La vie mobile cycle of
collages. Milan Dedinac publishes Javna
ptica (The Public Bird), a long poem with photomontages.
Poetry books are published by: Aleksandar Vuco - Krov
nad prozorom (The Roof Above the Window), Monny
de Boully - Krilato
zlato (Winged Gold), Branko Ve Poljanski - Tumbe
(Topsy-Turvy). The artist group Oblik
(Form) is founded in Belgrade. Ljubomir Micic’s
magazine Zenith, published in Zagreb and Belgrade since 1921,
is banned.
1927 Marko and Seva Ristic
bring Max Ernst’s painting Sova
(Ptica u kavezu)/The Owl (Bird in a Cage) from Paris
to Belgrade (Marko Ristic’s Legacy at the Museum of Contemporary
Art in Belgrade). Monny de Boully publishes
Antena smrti (The Antenna of Death) and, with Risto Ratkovic
Leviatan (The Leviathan),
a collection of poetry. Rastko Petrovic publishes the novel Sa
silama nemirljivim (With Forces Intransigent), and
Stanislav Vinaver Zenidba
Vrapca Podunavca (The Marriage of the Danubian Sparrow),
a long poem. Monny de Boully, Risto Ratkovi' and others contribute
to the almanac Novi
istok (The New East).
1928 Aleksandar
Vuco publishes the novel Koren vida (The Root of Vision), and
Marko Ristic his antinovel Bez mere (Without Measure). Djordje
Kostic, Oskar Davico and Djordje Jovanovic start the magazine
Tragovi (Trails), and Zvezdan Vujadinovic 50 u Evropi (50 in Europe),
which was published until 1933, to which contribute Slobodan Kusic,
Branko Milovanovic, Dragan Aleksic and others. Vane Bor enters
the circle of the French Surrealists, and, inspired by Ernst’s
work, experiments with nonpainting materials. Vane Bor and Marko
Ristic begin explorations in the photogram technique. Rastko Petrovic
travels to Africa, where he makes a series of drawings and photographs
and writes the travelogue Afrika (Africa, 1930). Oto Bihalji Merin
and Pavle Bihali publish the magazine Nova literatura (New Literature)
and found the Nolit Publishing House.
1929 Djordje
Kostic, Djordje Jovanovic, Oskar Davico and Dusan Matic seek to
rally the Belgrade group of Surrealists. Nikola Vuco creates a
new series of photographs in Paris and Belgrade which he donated
to the Museum of Applied Arts in Belgrade in 1990. André Thirion,
a French Surrealist, stays with Lula and Aleksandar Vuco as a
house guest and a series of le cadavre exquis is the result. Visiting
the Surrealists in Belgrade is also André Germain, the editor
of the magazine La revue européenne. Books of poetry are published
by Aleksandar Vuco, Ako se jos jednom setim ili nacelo (If I Remember
Once Again or the Tenet) and Djordje Jovanovic, Djordje Kostic
and Oskar Davico found the magazine Cetiri strane itd. (The Four
Sides etc). Together with French artists, Koca Popovic and Vane
Bor sign the protest Covek od ukusa (A Man of Taste) in the Paris
magazine Revue Du Cinéma (No. 3), and Monny de Boully joins the
Le Grand Jeu (The Big Game) group, and, together with Dido de
Majo and other poets, starts the magazine Discontinuité in Paris
of which only one issue came out.
1930 The
almanac Nemoguce-L’impossible (The Impossible) is started in Belgrade
featuring the Surrealists’ manifesto signed by the thirteen members
of the group: Aleksandar Vuco, Oskar Davico, Milan Dedinac, Mladen
Dimitrijevic, Vane Zivadinovic Bor, Radojica Zivanovic Noe, Djordje
Jovanovic, Djordje Kostic, Dusan Matic, Branko Milovanovic, Koca
Popovic, Petar Popovic and Marko Ristic. Apart from the Belgrade
group of Surrealists, the following also contribute to the almanac:
Breton, Eluard, Péret, Aragon, Char and Thirion. The first issue
of the magazine of the French Surrealists, La surréalisme au service
de la révolution, carries a text devoted to the founding of the
Belgrade group and its manifesto. Jean-Paul Dreyfus dedicates
to Vane Bor a review of a film by Fritz Lang published in the
Parisian Revue Du Cinéma. Oskar Davico and Djordje Kostic create
a series of drawings. Aleksandar Vuco and Dusan Matic make the
assemblage Urnebesni kliker (The Frenzied Marble), and, together
with Lula Vuco the collage Une atmosphère du printemps et de jeunesse.
Vane Bor does a series of photomontages. Ljubisa Jocic publishes
his first book of poetry San ili biljka (A Dream or a Plant).
1931 The
magazine Nadrealizam danas i ovde (Surrealism Here and Now) is
published in Belgrade, and the contributors are: A. Vuco, O. Davico,
Dj. Jovanovic, Vane Bor, R. Zivanovic Noe, M. Ristic, D. Mati',
Dj. Kostic, K. Popovic, P. Popovic, and from France: S. Dali,
A. Breton, R. Char, R. Crevel, P. Eluard, M. Ernst, Y. Tanguy,
T. Tzara. Art works by the following are published: Radojica Zivanovic
Noe, Dusan Matic, Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Yves Tanguy, Alberto
Giacometti and Joan Miró. Marko Ristic and Dusan Matic publish
Pozicija nadrealizma (The Position of Surrealism) which was not
signed by all the members of the group. In Paris Vane Bor meets
Salvador Dali with whom he will correspond for several years.
Under the title “Belgrade, 23 décembre 1930”, the magazine La
surréalisme au service de la révolution (No. 3) carries The Position
of Surrealism which starts with the following statement: “Tout
un monde contre tout un monde”. The signatories are: Davico, Dedinac,
Vane Bor, Zivanovic Noe, Jovanovic, Kostic, Matic, K. Popovic,
P. Popovic, Ristic and Aleksandar Vuco. Marko Ristic and Koca
Popovic publish the book Nacrt za jednu fenomenologiju iracionalnog
(Outline for A Phenomenology of the Irrational), and Petar Popovic
the long poem Necu, testera stvarnosti (I Will Not, the Saw of
Reality) with a photomontage. Misunderstandings between the Surrealists
and representatives of social literature, i.e., between the editors
of the magazines Surrealism Here and Now and Stozer (The Pivot)
begin to crop up. Marko Ristic spent some time with the French
Surrealists, at No. 14, Rue de Château, Montparnasse.
1932 Radojica
Zivanovic Noe stages a Surrealist paintings and editions exhibition
at the Cvijeta Zuzoric Art Pavilion in Belgrade. Marko Ristic
and Vane Bor publish the book Antizid (Anti-Wall), and Aleksandar
Vuco books of poetry Humor zaspalo (Humor Asleep), Nemenikuce,
Cirilo i Metodije (Cyril and Methodius). Dusan Matic, Oskar Davico
and Djordje Kostic publish the book Polozaj nadrealizma u drustvenom
procesu (The Position of Surrealism in the Social Process), and
Bosko Tokin, Terazije (Terazije Street), a novel with photomontage.
The magazine Surrealism Here and Now stopped coming out after
the third issue. Oskar Davico is arrested in Bihac, and Djordje
Jovanovic and Koca Popovic in Belgrade. Monny de Boully moves
to Paris.
1933 For
their revolutionary and Surrealist activities, Oskar Davico, Djordje
Jovanovic and Koca Popovic are sent to prison in Sremska Mitrovica,
and some of them will remain there for a couple of years. Writing
about this in his text “Des surréalistes yougoslaves sont au bagne”,
(Le surréalisme au service de la révolution, No. 6), René Crevel
describes in detail their arrest and detention without a trial,
warning of the advent of nazism and fascism in Europe. Marko Ristic’s
L’humor est–il une, attitude morale and Zdenko Reich’s Préface
à une étude sur la métaphore are published in the same issue of
the magazine Le surréalisme au service de la révolution. Vane
Bor’s personal letter to Salvador Dali sent on 31 December 1932
from Belgrade is also published in that, sixth, issue of this
Surrealist magazine. In Belgrade, a children’s book with photomontages
by Aleksandar Vuco and Dusan Matic, Podvizi druzine “Pet petlica”
(The Exploits of the “Five Cockerels” Gang) is published.
1934 Among
the collaborators of the new Belgrade magazine Danas (Today) (editors
Milan Bogdanovic and Miroslav Krleza), are some members of the
Surrealist group: Marko Ristic, Koca Popovic and Vane Bor. Milan
Dedinac delivers a lecture entitled What is Surrealism and What
Do the Surrealists Want. Ljubisa Jocic publishes a volume of poetry
entitled Ljubav i sloboda (Love and Freedom). Radojica Zivanovic
Noe joins the newly set up art group Zivot (Life).
1935 Vane
Bor makes a series of photographs Jedan minut pre zlocina (A Minute
Before the Crime). Aleksandar Vuco and Dusan Matic publish the
long poem Marija Rucara. The first International Surrealist Exhibition
is staged in Copenhagen, followed by similar exhibitions in London
(1936), Paris (1938, 1947, 1960), Mexico (1940), New York (1942),
Prague (1948), etc.
1936 The
magazine Nasa stvarnost (Our Reality) is started in Belgrade,
with Aleksandar Vuco its editor (until 1939). The contributors
include R. Zivanovic Noe and Dj. Jovanovic. Vane Bor became a
member of the Film Cultural Cooperative founded in Zemun, together
with the composer Josip Slavenski and the art historian Jovan
Djordjevic. In cooperation with the American producer Esther Johnson
he makes a movie about Belgrade (not preserved). Djordje Kostic
attends a performance by Salvador Dali at the opening of the International
Exhibition of Surrealism in London.
1937 Marko
Ristic publishes the essay Pablo Picasso in the newly-founded
Zagreb magazine Ars (No. 2), and Milan Dedinac the book of poetry
Jedan covek na prozoru (A Man at the Window). Marko and Seva Ristic
are at the World Exhibition in Paris and visit Dali, Thirion,
Breton and the Gradiva Gallery. Koca Popovic joins in the struggle
of the International Brigades in Spain.
1938 Turpituda
(Turpitude), “a paranoiac-didactic rhapsody” by Marko Ristic,
with drawings by Krsto Hegedusic, was published in Zagreb and
immediately confiscated and destroyed on the basis of the Law
on the Protection of State Public Security and Order. Marko Ristic
contributed to the Parisian magazine Minotaure (No. 3-4) in Enquête
Dictionnaire abrégé du surréalisme. An International Exhibition
of Surrealism was held in Paris, displaying works by seventy artists
from fourteen countries: England, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Spain, America, France, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia
and Japan.
1939
Marko Ristic produces the Asamblaz (Assemblage) which is an integral
part of the Surrealist art legacy in the Legacy of Marko Ristic,
a 1993 gift from Marko, Seva i Mara Ristic to the Museum of Contemporary
Art in Belgrade.
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